Document Type

Article

Publication Date

12-1-2021

Publication Title

Retrovirology

Department

Thayer School of Engineering

Additional Department

Department of Computer Science

Abstract

Background: The critical role of antibody Fc-mediated effector functions in immune defense has been widely reported in various viral infections. These effector functions confer cellular responses through engagement with innate immune cells. The precise mechanism(s) by which immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc domain and cognate receptors may afford protection are poorly understood, however, in the context of HIV/SHIV infections. Many different in vitro assays have been developed and utilized to measure effector functions, but the extent to which these assays capture distinct antibody activities has not been fully elucidated. Results: In this study, six Fc-mediated effector function assays and two biophysical antibody profiling assays were performed on a common set of samples from HIV-1 infected and vaccinated subjects. Biophysical antibody profiles supported robust prediction of diverse IgG effector functions across distinct Fc-mediated effector function assays. While a number of assays showed correlated activities, supervised machine learning models indicated unique antibody features as primary contributing factors to the associated effector functions. Additional experiments established the mechanistic relevance of relationships discovered using this unbiased approach. Conclusions: In sum, this study provides better resolution on the diversity and complexity of effector function assays, offering a clearer perspective into this family of antibody mechanisms of action to inform future HIV-1 treatment and vaccination strategies.

DOI

10.1186/s12977-021-00579-9

Original Citation

Cheng, H.D., Dowell, K.G., Bailey-Kellogg, C. et al. Diverse antiviral IgG effector activities are predicted by unique biophysical antibody features. Retrovirology 18, 35 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12977-021-00579-9

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