Date of Award

2025

Document Type

Thesis (Ph.D.)

Department or Program

Biochemistry and Cell Biology

First Advisor

Charles Barlowe

Abstract

The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), the site of secretory protein biosynthesis

provides a favorable environment to promote polypeptide folding, protein

oligomerization and export. Although the ER contains many chaperones and other

factors that assist in protein folding, this process is error prone. Eukaryotes have

evolved protein quality control checkpoints to maintain homeostasis in the secretory

pathway, however these processes are imperfect and may result in proteotoxicity

when toxic levels or aggregates of proteins arise. Mutations in proteins involved in

trafficking in the early secretory pathway are closely associated with disease states.

Therefore, it is of great interest to further understand how misfolded proteins and the

potentially toxic effects of such proteins are mitigated in the early secretory pathway.

The Erv41-Erv46 complex is a retrograde cargo receptor that has been

shown to retrieve ER resident proteins from the Golgi back to the ER. Intriguingly,

other studies have shown that deletion of the Erv41 subunit which destabilizes the

complex results in increased turnover of a model misfolded substrate, CPY* and

unfolded protein response (UPR) down-regulation. With this knowledge, we propose

that Erv41-Erv46, in addition to retrieval of ER resident cargo, also functions in

retrograde trafficking of misfolded proteins. Through this body of work, we support a

model in which Erv41-Erv46 preferentially retrieves misfolded proteins with luminal

lesions from the Golgi to the ER. Cycloheximide chase and immunoprecipitation (IP)

experiments show that Erv41-Erv46 deficient cells fail to retrieve CPY*, resulting in

its vacuolar degradation or secretion. Additionally, Erv41-Erv46 directly and

preferentially binds this misfolded protein over its native, folded counterpart, CPY in

IP and in vitro reconstitution assays. These data and findings from this study

support a model in which Erv41-Erv46 directly binds misfolded proteins at the Golgi

for return to the ER.

Available for download on Wednesday, May 06, 2026

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