Submissions from 2009
Flagellum-Mediated Biofilm Defense Mechanisms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa against Host-Derived Lactoferrin, Jeff G. Leid, Mathias Kerr, Candice Selgado, Chelsa Johnson, Gabriel Moreno, Alyssa Smith, Mark E. Shirtliff, Georg A. O'Toole, and Emily K. Cope
Insulin Stimulates the Phosphorylation of the Exocyst Protein Sec8 in Adipocytes, Patrick D. Lyons, Grantley R. Peck, Arminja N. Kettenbach, Scott A. Gerber, Liya Roudaia, and Gustav E. Lienhard
Characterization of Two Outer Membrane Proteins, FlgO and FlgP, That Influence Vibrio cholerae Motility, Raquel M. Martinez, Madushini N. Dharmasena, Thomas J. Kirn, and Ronald K. Taylor
Staphylococcus Aureus Activates Type I Ifn Signaling in Mice and Humans through the Xr Repeated Sequences of Protein A, Francis J. Martin, Marisa I. Gomez, Dawn M. Wetzel, and Guido Memmi
Phosphoinositides and SNARE Chaperones Synergistically Assemble and Remodel SNARE Complexes for Membrane Fusion, Joji Mima and William Wickner
Human Uterine Natural Killer Cells but Not Blood Natural Killer Cells Inhibit Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection by Secretion of CXCL12, Teddy F. Mselle, Aexandra L. Howell, Mimi Ghosh, Charles R. Wira, and Charles L. Sentman
LapD is a Bis-(3′,5′)-Cyclic Dimeric GMP-Binding Protein that Regulates Surface Attachment by Pseudomonas Fluorescens Pf0–1, Peter D. Newell, Russell D. Monds, and George A. O'Toole
IL-9 as a Mediator of Th17-driven Inflammatory Disease, Elizabeth C. Nowak, Casey T. Weaver, Henrietta Turner, Sakhina Begum-Haque, Burkhard Becher, Bettina Schreiner, Anthony J. Coyle, Lloyd H. Kasper, and Randolph J. Noelle
Urogenital Abnormalities in Men Exposed to Diethylstilbestrol in Utero: A Cohort Study, Julie R. Palmer, Arthur L. Herbst, Kenneth L. Noller, Deborah A. Boggs, Rebecca Troisi, Linda Titus-Ernstoff, Elizabeth E. Hatch, Lauren A. Wise, William C. Strohsnitter, and Robert N. Hoover
Prion Protein Glycosylation Is Not Required for Strain-Specific Neurotropism, Justin R. Piro, Brent T. Harris, Koren Nishina, Claudio Soto, Rodrigo Morales, Judy R. Rees, and Surachai Supattapone
The C. elegans Snail Homolog CES-1 can Activate Gene Expression in vivo and Share Targets with bHLH Transcription Factors, John S. Reece-Hoyes, Bart Deplancke, M. Inmaculada Barrasa, Julia Hatzold, Ryan B. Smit, H Efsun Arda, Patricia A. Pope, Jeb Gaudet, Barbara Conradt, and Albertga J.M. Walhout
Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2 Activation Induces a Microglial Anti-Inflammatory Phenotype and Reduces Migration via MKP Induction and ERK Dephosphorylation, Edgar A. Romero-Sandoval, Ryan Horvath, Russell P. Landry, and Joyce A. DeLeo
Excited Delirium: Consideration of Selected Medical and Psychiatric Issues, Edith Samuel, Robert B. Williams, and Richard B. Richard B Ferrell
Detection of Viruses in Human Adenoid Tissues by Use of Multiplex PCR, Masatoki Sato, Haijing Li, Mine R. Ikizler, Jay A. Werkhaven, John V. Williams, James D. Chappell, Yi-Wei Tang, and Peter F. Wright
Living in Rural New England Amplifies the Risk of Depression in Patients with HIV, Siddharth H. Sheth, Paul T. Jensen, and Timothy Lahey
Wnt Pathway Reprogramming During Human Embryonal Carcinoma Differentiation and Potential for Therapeutic Targeting, Grace E. Snow, Allison C. Kasper, Alexander M. Busch, Elisabeth Schwarz, Katherine E. Ewings, Thomas Bee, Michael J. Spinella, Ethan Dmitrovsky, and Sarah J. Freemantle
Minimal Membrane Docking Requirements Revealed by Reconstitution of Rab GTPase-Dependent Membrane Fusion from Purified Components, Christopher Stroupe, Christopher M. Hickey, Joji Mima, Amy S. Burfeind, and William Wickner
Corr4A and VRT325 do not Reduce the Inflammatory Response to P. aeruginosa in Human Cystic Fibrosis Airway Epithelial Cells, Laleh Talebian, Bonita Coutermarsh, Jacqueline Y. Channon, and Bruce A. Stanton
SarZ Promotes the Expression of Virulence Factors and Represses Biofilm Formation by Modulating SarA and agr in Staphylococcus aureus, Sandeep Tamber and Ambrose L. Cheung
Polysorbate 80 Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Formation and Its Cleavage by the Secreted Lipase LipA, C M. Toutain-Kidd, S C. Kadivar, C T. Bramante, S A. Bobin, and Michael E. Zegans
GbdR Regulates Pseudomonas aeruginosa plcH and pchP Transcription in Response to Choline Catabolites, Matthew J. Wargo, Tiffany C. Ho, Maegan J. Gross, Laurie A. Whittaker, and Deborah A. Hogan
Smoking Enhances Risk for New External Genital Warts in Men, Dorothy J. Wiley, David Elashoff, Emmanuel V. Masongsong, and Diane M. Harper
Interaction between Bacteriophage DMS3 and Host CRISPR Region Inhibits Group Behaviors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Michael E. Zegans, Jeffrey C. Wagner, Kyle C. Cady, Daniel M. Murphy, John H. Hammond, and George A. O'Toole
Submissions from 2008
Glypican-1 Modulates the Angiogenic and Metastatic Potential of Human and Mouse Cancer Cells, Takuma Aikawa, Chery A. Whipple, Martha E. Lopez, Jason Gunn, Alison Young, Arthur D. Lander, and Murray Korc
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli is Present Near the Minimal Level Required for Accurate Graded Responses to the Wingless Morphogen, Hassina Benchabane, Edward G. Hughes, Carter M. Takacs, Jason R. Baird, and Yashi Ahmed
Identification of G1-Regulated Genes in Normally Cycling Human Cells, Maroun J. Beyrouthy, Karen E. Alexander, Amy Baldwin, Michael L. Whitfield, Hank W. Bass, Dan McGee, and Myra M. Hurt
Minimal Components of the RNA Polymerase II Transcription Apparatus Determine the Consensus TATA Box, Gudrun Bjornsdottir and Lawrence C. Myers
Evolution of the Holozoan Ribosome Biogenesis Regulon, Seth J. Brown, Michael D. Cole, and Albert J. Erives
Retinoid X Receptor and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Gamma Agonists Cooperate to Inhibit Matrix Metalloproteinase Gene Expression, Peter S. Burrage, Adam C. Schmucker, Yanqing Ren, Michael B. Sporn, and Constance E. Brinckerhoff
Orchestration of the S-phase and DNA Damage Checkpoint Pathways by Replication Forks from Early Origins, Julie M. Caldwell, Yinhuai Chen, Kaila L. Schollaert, James F. Theis, George F. Babcock, Carol S. Newlon, and Yolanda Sanchez
The Bile Response Repressor BreR Regulates Expression of the Vibrio cholerae breAB Efflux System Operon, Francisca A. Cerda-Maira, Carol S. Ringelberg, and Ronald K. Taylor
Arsenic as an Endocrine Disruptor: Arsenic Disrupts Retinoic Acid Receptor–and Thyroid Hormone Receptor–Mediated Gene Regulation and Thyroid Hormone–Mediated Amphibian Tail Metamorphosis, Jennifer C. Davey, Athena P. Nomikos, Manida Wungjiranirun, Jenna R. Sherman, Liam Ingram, Cavus Batki, Jean P. Lariviere, and Joshua W. Hamilton
Inhibition of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Expression by RNA Interference Suppresses Invasion through Inducing Anoikis in Human Colon Cancer Cells, Yu Fan, You-Li Zhang, Ying Wu, Wei Zhang, Yin-Huan Wang, Zhao-Ming Cheng, and Hua Li
Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Candida albicans Interactions: Localization and Fungal Toxicity of a Phenazine Derivative, Jane Gibson, Arpanah Sood, and Deborah A. Hogan
Purification and crystallization of a non-GluR2 AMPA-receptor ligand-binding domain: a case of cryo-incompatibility addressed by room-temperature data collection, Avinash Gill and Dean R. Madden
The Parkinson's Disease Protein α-Synuclein Disrupts Cellular Rab Homeostasis, Aaron D. Gitler, Brooke J. Bevis, James Shorter, Katherine E. Strathearn, Shusei Hamamichi, Linhui Julie Su, Kim A. Caldwell, Guy A. Caldwell, Jean-Christophe Rochet, J. Michael McCaffrey, Charles Barlowe, and Susan Lindquist
Neuromyelitis Optica Pathogenesis and Aquaporin 4, David J. Graber, Michael Levy, Douglas Kerr, and William F. Wade
MicroRNAs and the Advent of Vertebrate Morphological Complexity, Alysha M. Heimberg, Lorenzo F. Sempere, Vanessa N. Moy, Phillip C. J. Donoghue, and Kevin J. Peterson
Neurological and Behavioral Abnormalities, Ventricular Dilatation, Altered Cellular Functions, Inflammation, and Neuronal Injury in Brains of Mice Due to Common, Persistent, Parasitic Infection, Gretchen Hermes, James W. Ajioka, Krystyna A. Kelly, Ernest Mui, Fiona Roberts, Kristen Kasza, Thomas Mayr, Michael J. Kirisits, Robert Wollman, David J.P Ferguson, Craig W. Roberts, Jong-Hee Hwang, Toria Trendler, Richard P. Kennan, Yasuhiro Suzuki, Catherine Reardon, William F. Hickey, Lieping Chen, and Rima McLeod
Clinical Features and Management of Autoimmune Hepatitis, Edward L. Krawitt
Repression of hla by rot Is Dependent on sae in Staphylococcus aureus, Dongmei Li and Ambrose Cheung
Using Built Environment Characteristics to Predict Walking for Exercise, Gina S. Lovasi, Anne V. Moudon, Amber L. Pearson, Philip M. Hurvitz, Eric B. Larson, David S. Siscovick, and Ethan M. Berke
Cif Is Negatively Regulated by the TetR Family Repressor CifR, Daniel P. MacEachran, Bruce A. Stanton, and George A. O'Toole
Ovarian Development in Mice Requires the GATA4-FOG2 Transcription Complex, Nikolay L. Manuylov, Fatima O. Smagulova, Lyndsay Leach, and Sergei G. Tevosian
Sputum Microscopy for the Diagnosis of HIV-Associated Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Tanzania, Mecky Matee, Lillian Mtei, Tarja Lounasvaara, Wendy Wieland-Alter, Richard Waddell, Johnson Lyimo, Muhammed Bakari, Kisali Pallangyo, and C Fordham von Reyn
Staphylococcus aureus PBP4 Is Essential for β-Lactam Resistance in Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Strains, G Memmi, S R. Filipe, M G. Pinho, Z Fu, and Ambrose Cheung
Correction: Molecular Subsets in the Gene Expression Signatures of Scleroderma Skin, Ausra Milano, Sarah A. Pendergrass, Jennifer L. Sargent, Lacy K. George, Timothy H. McCalmont, M. Kari Connolly, and Michael L. Whitfield
The FGF system has a Key Role in Regulating Vascular Integrity, Masahiro Murakami, Loc T. Nguyen, Zhen W. Zhang, Karen L. Moodie, Pater Carmellet, Radu V. Stan, and Michael Simons
Improving Outcomes in Infants of Hiv-Infected Women in a Developing Country Setting, Francine Noel, Sapna Mehta, Yuwei Zhu, Patricia De Matteis Rouzier, Abdias Marcelin, Jian R. Shi, Claudine Nolte, Linda Severe, Marie Marcelle Deschamps, Daniel W. Fitzgerald, Warren D. Johnson, Peter F. Wright, and Jean W. Pape
Mucosal Immunity in Toxoplasma Gondii Infection, J. Schulthess, D. Fourreau, S. Darche, B. Meresse, L. Kasper, N. Cerf-Bensussan, and D. Buzoni-Gatel
Genetic Evidence for an Alternative Citrate-Dependent Biofilm Formation Pathway in Staphylococcus aureus That Is Dependent on Fibronectin Binding Proteins and the GraRS Two-Component Regulatory System, Robert M. Q. Shanks, Michael A. Meehl, Kimberly M. Brothers, Raquel M. Martinez, Niles P. Donegan, Martha L. Graber, Ambrose L. Cheung, and George A. O'Toole
HOPS Proofreads the trans-SNARE Complex for Yeast Vacuole Fusion, Vincent J. Starai, Christopher M. Hickey, and William Wickner
Integration Host Factor Positively Regulates Virulence Gene Expression in Vibrio cholerae, Emily Stonehouse, Gabriela Kovacikova, Ronald K. Taylor, and Karen Skorupski
Examining the Link between Chromosomal Instability and Aneuploidy in Human Cells, Sarah L. Thompson and Duane A. Compton
The Synthetic Triterpenoid CDDO-methyl Ester Modulates Microglial Activities, Inhibits TNF Production, and Provides Dopaminergic Neuroprotection, Thi A. Tran, Melissa K. McCoy, Michael B. Sporn, and Malú G. Tansey
MgrA Represses Biofilm Formation in Staphylococcus aureus, Maria P. Trotonda, Sandeep Tamber, Guido Memmi, and Ambrose L. Cheung
Transport of LDL-derived Cholesterol from the NPC1 Compartment to the ER Involves the Trans-Golgi Network and the SNARE Protein Complex, Yasuomi Urano, Hiroshi Watanabe, Stephanie R. Murphy, Yohei Shibuya, Yong Geng, Andrew Peden, Catherine Chang, and Ta Yuan Chang
AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Regulates CO2-Induced Alveolar Epithelial Dysfunction in Rats and Human Cells by Promoting Na,K-ATPase Endocytosis, István Vadász, Laura A. Dada, Arturo Briva, Humberto E. Trejo, Lynn C. Welch, Jiwang Chen, Peter T. Toth, Emilia Lecuona, Lee A. Witters, Paul T. Schumacker, Navdeep S. Chandel, Werner Seeger, and Jacob I. Sznajder
Programmed Death 1 Ligand Signaling Regulates the Generation of Adaptive Foxp3+CD4+ Regulatory T Cells, Li Wang, Kirina Pino-Lagos, Victor C. de Vries, Indira Guleria, Mohamed H. Sayegh, and Randolph J. Noelle
Identification of Two Gene Clusters and a Transcriptional Regulator Required for Pseudomonas aeruginosa Glycine Betaine Catabolism, Matthew J. Wargo, Benjamin S. Szwergold, and Deborah A. Hogan
Submissions from 2007
Polymorphisms in Nucleotide Excision Repair Genes, Arsenic Exposure, and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer in New Hampshire, Katie M. Applebaum, Margaret R. Karagas, David J. Hunter, Paul J. Catalano, Steven H. Byler, Steve Morris, and Heather H. Nelson
Genome-Wide Transcriptional Profiling of the Cyclic AMP-Dependent Signaling Pathway during Morphogenic Transitions of Candida Albicans, Yong-Sun Bahn, Matthew Molenda, Janet F. Staab, Courtney A. Lyman, Laura J. Gordon, and Paula Sundstrom
The Yeast Orthologue of GRASP65 Forms a Complex with a Coiled-Coil Protein that Contributes to ER to Golgi Traffic, Rudy Behnia, Francis A. Barr, John J. Flanagan, Charles Barlowe, and Sean Munro
All-trans Retinoic Acid Mediates Enhanced T Reg Cell Growth, Differentiation, and Gut Homing in the Face of High Levels of Co-Stimulation, Micah J. Benson, Karina Pino-Lagos, Mario Rosemblatt, and Randolph J. Noelle
Inverse Regulation of Biofilm Formation and Swarming Motility by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14, Nicky C. Caiazza, Judith H. Merritt, Kimberly M. Brothers, and George A. O'Toole
The Nestin Progenitor Lineage is the Compartment of Origin for Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia, Catherine Carriere, Elliot S. Seeley, Tobias Goetze, Daniel S. Longnecker, and Murray Korc
SarA of Staphylococcus aureus Binds to the sarA Promoter To Regulate Gene Expression, Ambrose L. Cheung, Koren Nishina, and Adhar C. Manna
Trans-SNARE Complex Assembly and Yeast Vacuole Membrane Fusion, Kevin M. Collins and William T. Wickner
The Myc Transactivation Domain Promotes Global Phosphorylation of the RNA Polymerase II Carboxy-Terminal Domain Independently of Direct DNA Binding, Victoria H. Cowling and Michael D. Cole
Formation of Native Prions from Minimal Components in Vitro, Nathan R. Deleault, Brent T. Harris, Judy R. Rees, and Surachai Supattapone
A Novel Inhibitory Mechanism of Mitochondrion-Dependent Apoptosis by a Herpesviral Protein, Pinghui Feng, Chengyu Liang, Young C. Shin, Xiaofei E, Weijun Zhang, Robyn Gravel, Ting-ting Wu, Ren Sun, Edward Usherwood, and Jae U. Jung
Characterization of MazFSa, an Endoribonuclease from Staphylococcus aureus, Zhibiao Fu, Niles P. Donegan, Guido Memmi, and Ambrose L. Cheung
Phenotypic Alterations in Type II Alveolar Epithelial Cells in CD4+ T Cell Mediated Lung Inflammation, Marcus Gereke, Lothar Gröbe, Silvia Prettin, Michael Kasper, Stefanie Deppenmeier, Achim D. Gruber, Richard I. Enelow, Jan Buer, and Dunja Bruder
Fully Codon-Optimized Luciferase Uncovers Novel Temperature Characteristics of the Neurospora Clock, Van D. Gooch, Arun Mehra, Luis F. Larrondo, Julie Fox, Melissa Touroutoutoudis, Jennifer J. Loros, and Jay C. Dunlap
Coordinated Regulation of Myc Trans-Activation Targets by Polycomb and the Trithorax Group Protein Ash1, Julie M. Goodliffe, Michael D. Cole, and Eric Wieschaus
The Programmed Death-1 and Interleukin-10 Pathways Play a Down-Modulatory Role in LP-BM5 Retrovirus-Induced Murine Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Kathy A. Green, Taku Okazaki, Tasuku Honjo, W. James Cook, and William R. Green
Selective Repression of Retinoic Acid Target Genes by RIP140 during Induced Tumor Cell Differentiation of Pluripotent Human Embryonal Carcinoma Cells, Kelly C. Heim, Kristina A. White, Dexin Deng, Craig R. Tomlinson, Jason Moore, Sarah Freemantle, and Michael Spinella
Molecular Basis of Resistance to Muramidase and Cationic Antimicrobial Peptide Activity of Lysozyme in Staphylococci, Silvia Herbert, Agnieszka Bera, Christiane Nerz, Dirk Kraus, Andreas Peschel, Christiane Goerke, Michael Meehl, Ambrose Cheung, and Friedrich Gotz
The Small RNA Repertoire of Dictyostelium Discoideum and its Regulation by Components of the RNAi Pathway, Andrea Hinas, Johan Reimegård, E. Gerhart H. Wagner, Wolfgang Nellen, Victor R. Ambros, and Fredrik Soderbum
A Proposal for Robust Temperature Compensation of Circadian Rhythms, Christian I. Hong, Emery D. Conrad, and John J. Tyson
CpG Hypomethylation in a Large Domain Encompassing the Embryonic β-Like Globin Genes in Primitive Erythrocytes, Mei Hsu, Rodwell R. Mabaera, Christopher H. Lowrey, David I. K. Martin, and Steven Fiering
Assays of Vacuole Fusion Resolve the Stages of Docking, Lipid Mixing, and Content Mixing, Youngsoo Jun and William Wickner
A 368-Base-Pair cis-Acting HWP1 Promoter Region, HCR, of Candida albicans Confers Hypha-Specific Gene Regulation and Binds Architectural Transcription Factors Nhp6 and Gcf1p, Samin Kim, Michael J. Wolyniak, Janet F. Staab, and Paula Sundstrom
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa Secreted Protein PA2934 Decreases Apical Membrane Expression of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator, Daniel P. MacEachran, Siying Ye, Jennifer M. Bomberger, Deborah A. Hogan, Agnieszka Swiatecka-Urban, Bruce Stanton, and George A. O'Toole
The Kinesin-13 Proteins Kif2a, Kif2b, and Kif2c/MCAK Have Distinct Roles during Mitosis in Human Cells, Amity L. Manning, Neil J. Ganem, Samuel F. Bakhoum, Michael Wagenbach, Linda Wordeman, and Duane A. Compton
Transgenic Cyclin E Triggers Dysplasia and Multiple Pulmonary Adenocarcinomas, Yan Ma, Steven Fiering, Candice Black, Xi Liu, Ziqiang Yuan, Vincent A. Memoli, David J. Robbins, Heather A. Bentley, Gregory J. Tsongalis, Eugene Demidenko, Sarah J. Freemantle, and Ethan Dmitrovsky
Planning an Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response System: A Matrix of Skills and Activities, Helen N. Perry, Sharon M. McDonnell, Wondimagegnehu Alemu, and Peter Nsubuga
Alzheimer's Disease: Cholesterol, Membrane Rafts, Isoprenoids and Statins, Patrick C. Reid, Yasuomi Urano, Tatsuhiko Kodama, and Takao Hamakubo
The Extracellular Matrix and Blood Vessel Formation: Not Just a Scaffold, John M. Rhodes and Michael Simons
p53 Activation by Knockdown Technologies, Mara E. Robu, Jon D. Larson, Aidas Nasevicius, Soraya Beiraghi, and Charles Brenner
Following Temperature Stress, Export of Heat Shock mRNA Occurs Efficiently in Cells with Mutations in Genes Normally Important for mRNA Export, Christiane Rollenhagen, Christine A. Hodge, and Charles N. Cole
Regulation of Human Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (Cftr) by Serum- and Glucocorticoid-Inducible Kinase (Sgk1), J. Denry Sato, M. Christine Chapline, Renee Thibodeau, Raymond A. Frizzell, and Bruce A. Stanton
The Yeast Integral Membrane Protein Apq12 Potentially Links Membrane Dynamics to Assembly of Nuclear Pore Complexes, John J. Scarcelli, Christin A. Hodge, and Charles N. Cole
A Serratia marcescens OxyR Homolog Mediates Surface Attachment and Biofilm Formation, Robert M. Q. Shanks, Nicholas A. Stella, Eric J. Kalivoda, and Megan R. Doe
Let-7 Expression Defines Two Differentiation Stages of Cancer, Scott Shell, Sun-Mi Park, Amir Reza Radjabi, Robert Schickel, Emily Kistner, and David Jewell
A Developmental Cycle Masks Output from the Circadian Oscillator Under Conditions of Choline Deficiency in Neurospora, Mi Shi, Luis F. Larrondo, Jennifer J. Loros, and Jay C. Dunlap
Endothelial Stomatal and Fenestral Diaphragms in Normal Vessels and Angiogenesis, R. V. Stan
A Novel RUNX2 Missense Mutation Predicted to Disrupt DNA Binding Causes Cleidocranial Dysplasia in a Large Chinese Family with Hyperplastic Nails, Shaohua Tang, Qiyu Xu, Xueqin Xu, Jicheng Du, Xuemei Yang, Yusheng Jiang, Xiaoqin Wang, Nancy Speck, and Taosheng Huang
Nicotinamide Riboside Kinase Structures Reveal New Pathways to NAD+, Wolfram Tempel, Wael M. Rabeh, Katrina L. Bogan, Peter Belenky, Marzena Wojcik, Heather F. Seidle, Lyudmila Nedyalkova, Tianle Yang, Anthony A. Sauve, Hee-Won Park, and Charles Brenner
Factors Associated with Atypical Moles in New Hampshire, USA, L Titus-Ernstoff, J Ding, A. E. Perry, S. K. Spencer, B. F. Cole, and M. S. Ernstoff